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Chemistry : An easy-to-understand explanation of thermodynamics in many cases. The middle part of the mathematical formula is described in detail. The first part deals with primary thermodynamics and the second part deals with statistical thermodynamics. In Part 1, Chapters 1 through 4 deal with pure substance (single-component systems), and Chapters 5 through 8 deal with multi-component systems. The second half of Chapter 4 applies thermodynamics to the phase equilibrium phenomena of specific molecules, and Chapters 7 and 8 apply thermodynamics to the phase equilibrium and chemical equilibria phenomena of specific multi-component systems, respectively. In Part 2, simple statistics are used to consider assemblies of various molecules in gaseous, solid, and liquid states. Many general textbooks systematically explain statistical thermodynamics starting from classical mechanics (analytical mechanics) and quantum mechanics. However, many chemistry students who are not familiar with classical mechanics and quantum mechanics involving a large number of molecules often get frustrated at the starting point, so we have avoided a systematic description of statistical thermodynamics in this book. The first part of this book is based on a lecture on thermodynamics given to first year students in the School of Science at Osaka University. pure substance